What is JavaBean?

JavaBean is a software component model for developing reusable software components in Java. It is a simple and powerful way to create software components that we can easily integrate into other applications.

A JavaBean is a simple Java class that has the following conventions:

• It should have private variables
• It should have a no-argument constructor.
• It should be Serializable to make it transferable in the Network.
• It should provide methods to set and get the values of the properties
  • We can call these methods a getter and setter.
  • The setter method’s return type should be void

Properties

• A JavaBean property is a named attribute that we can access by the user of the object. 
• The attribute can be of any Java data type, including the classes that we define.
• A JavaBean property can be read, write, read-only, or write-only.
• We can access JavaBean properties through two methods in JavaBean’s implementation class. Example:

• A read-only attribute will have only a getPropertyName() method, and a write-only attribute will have only a setPropertyName() method.

JavaBean class Example

public class Student {
	private int rollNo;
	private String name;
	private char gender;

	public int getRollNo() {
		return rollNo;
	}

	public void setRollNo(int rollNo) {
		this.rollNo = rollNo;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public char getGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(char gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}
}

Advantages

1. Reusability: JavaBean is designed to be a reusable component that can be easily integrated into other applications, which can save development time and effort.
2. Encapsulation: JavaBean encapsulates data and behavior, which helps to keep the code modular and easy to maintain. This makes it easier to modify and extend the code without affecting other parts of the system.
3. Standardization: JavaBean follows a set of conventions and standards, which makes it easier to understand and work with code written by others.
4. Compatibility: JavaBean is compatible with a wide range of Java technologies and frameworks, which makes them highly versatile and adaptable to different types of projects.
5. Persistence: JavaBeans can be serialized and stored on a disk or sent over the network, which makes it easy to save and load data in a standardized format.
6. Integration: JavaBean can be easily integrated into different Java-based technologies and architectures, such as JavaServer Faces, Spring, or Java EE, which makes them highly flexible and compatible.
7. Platform independence: JavaBean can run on any platform that supports the Java Virtual Machine, which makes them highly portable and platform-independent.

Disadvantages

1. Complexity: JavaBean can be complex to develop and maintain, especially if they have a lot of properties and methods. This complexity can lead to longer development times and an increased risk of bugs.
2. Boilerplate code: There is a convention for implementing a JavaBean. That is having getter and setter methods for each property. It can lead to a lot of boilerplate code that must be written for each JavaBean.
3. Limited functionality: JavaBean is primarily designed to encapsulate data. It can also include behavior through methods. It is not well-suited for more complex tasks such as multithreading, networking, or user interface programming.
4. Lack of flexibility: JavaBean is designed to use as a standalone component, which means that it can be limited in its ability to interact with other components and systems.
5. Performance: JavaBean can have a performance overhead compared to other Java programming models, like plain old Java objects (POJOs). This is because it requires the additional boilerplate code and method call.
6. Tight coupling: JavaBean can introduce tight coupling between components. This makes it difficult to modify or extend the system in the future.